Ngo-2019, i-FDA yaseMelika ibhengeze isindululo esitsha esichaza ukuba phakathi kwe-16 yezithako ezisebenzayo ze-sunscreen ngoku kwimarike yaseMelika, i-zinc oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide zongezwa kwiimveliso ze-sunscreen njenge "GRASE" (Ibonwa ngokubanzi njengekhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza).I-PABA kunye ne-Trolamine Salicylate ayikho "IGRASE" yokusetyenziswa kwi-sunscreens ngenxa yemicimbi yokhuseleko.Nangona kunjalo, lo mxholo uthathwa ngaphandle komxholo, kwaye kuyaqondwa ukuba kuphela i-sunscreen agents-nano zinc oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide-zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kwizithako ezisebenzayo ze-sunscreen, ezinye iikhemikhali ze-sunscreen agents azikhuselekanga kwaye ziyasebenza.Enyanisweni, ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kukuba nangona i-US FDA ithatha i-nano-zinc oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide njenge "GRASE", akuthethi ukuba ezinye ii-agent ze-sunscreen ze-12 azikho i-GRSE, kodwa zisenayo idatha eyaneleyo yokukhusela ukubonisa. .Ngelo xesha, i-FDA iphinda icele iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ukuba zibonelele ngedatha yenkxaso yokhuseleko ngakumbi.
Ukongeza, i-FDA iphinde yenze uvavanyo lweklinikhi "kwi-sunscreen absorption ngesikhumba egazini" kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ezinye izithako ezisebenzayo ze-sunscreen kwi-sunscreens, ukuba zifakwe ngumzimba kwizinga eliphezulu, zingabangela iingxaki zempilo.ingozi.Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zipapashwe, zavusa ingxoxo ebanzi emhlabeni wonke, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe babangela ukungaqondi kakuhle ngabathengi abaqhelekileyo ababengayazi inyaniso.Bakholelwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-sunscreens ingangena egazini kwaye ayikhuselekanga kumzimba womntu, kwaye kunye necala elinye likholelwa ukuba i-sunscreens yayiyingozi kwimpilo kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa.
Kuxelwa ukuba i-FDA iqeshe amavolontiya e-24, ahlulwe ngamaqela e-4, kwaye avavanya i-sunscreens equkethe i-4 eyahlukeneyo ye-sunscreens kwifomula.Okokuqala, amavolontiya anikele nge-75% yesikhumba somzimba wonke, ngokwemilinganiselo ye-2mg / cm2, amaxesha e-4 ngosuku ngeentsuku ezi-4 ezilandelelanayo ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen.Emva koko, iisampuli zegazi zamavolontiya zaqokelelwa iintsuku ezi-7 ezilandelelanayo kwaye umxholo we-sunscreen egazini wavavanywa.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba indawo yesikhumba somntu omdala malunga ne-1.5-2 ㎡.Ukuthatha ixabiso eliphakathi kwe-1.8 ㎡, ukuba libalwe ngokwexabiso eliqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sunscreen d ngamavolontiya malunga ne-2×1.8×10000/1000=36g kuvavanyo, kwaye isixa samaxesha ama-4 ngosuku yi-36×4= 144g.Ngokwesiqhelo, indawo yolusu yobuso imalunga ne-300-350cm², ukusetyenziswa kwe-sunscreen enye yanele ukukhusela imini yonke.Ngale ndlela, isixa esibaliweyo sokusetyenziswa yi-2×350/1000=0.7g, nokuba i-repeint ifakiwe, imalunga ne-1 .0 ~ 1.5g.Ukuba uthatha ubuninzi be-1.5 grams, ubalo luyi-144 / 1.5 = 96 amaxesha .Kwaye inani le-sunscreen esetyenziswa ngamavolontiya iintsuku ezi-4 ezilandelelanayo yi-144 × 4 = 576g, ngelixa inani lemihla ngemihla le-sunscreen esetyenziswa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Iintsuku ezi-4 yi-1.5×4=6g.Ngoko ke, umehluko phakathi kwe-dosage ye-576 grams kunye ne-6 grams ye-sunscreen inkulu kakhulu kwaye impembelelo ibonakala.
I-sunscreens evavanywe yi-FDA kolu vavanyo yayiyi-benzophenone-3, i-octoclilin, i-avobenzone, kunye ne-TDSA.Phakathi kwabo, kuphela idatha yokufumanisa i-benzophenone-3 idlula kakhulu into ebizwa ngokuba "ixabiso lokhuseleko", malunga namaxesha angama-400 adlula umgangatho, i-octocrylene kunye ne-avobenzone zombini ngaphakathi kwamaxesha e-10, kunye ne-p-xylylenedicamphorsulfonic acid Ayibonakali.
Ngokwethiyori, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kokuqina okuphezulu kwe-sunscreen kuya kubangela isiphumo esongezelekayo.Akumangalisi ukuba kunye ne-sunscreens zifunyenwe egazini phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezinzima ngolo hlobo.I-sunscreens ivunyiwe kwaye isetyenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka, amazwe amaninzi aye alawula i-sunscreens njengamayeza, kwaye okwangoku akukho datha yophando eyaneleyo yokubonisa ukuba banemiphumo yenkqubo yomzimba womntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2022
